At each sampling time instant, one observes system output and action to form discrete-time rewards. The sampled input-output data are collected along the trajectory of the dynamical system in ...

Scale-up involves increasing pump sizes, reactor volumes, and flow rates—but the process control logic and system ...

Identify and address the critical questions that consistently impact automation project outcomes across diverse industries like food processing, pharmaceuticals and transportation. Learn technical ...

I stated without proof that a system with integral control will have zero DC error. This statement needs to be made with precision, and extended to the benefits of a ...

Over three decades ago, real-time software was predominantly written in assembly language or a combination of assembly and the C programming language. Even today, certain digital signal processing ...

This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics when applicable. Yet recently, continuous-time delta-sigma ADCs have gained popularity in technical journals and the industry. They have ...

When it comes to process-control systems, reliability is crucial and failure can be costly or dangerous. A combination of good design practices, component selection, and testing can enhance ...

Interactive configurators, real-time data access, RFQ automation, expert-guided product selection and error prevention are becoming standard online tool features ...