Summative assessments evaluate learning at the end of a unit, course, or instructional period. While typically used to gauge final outcomes, these assessments can also serve formative purposes, ...

As an educator and leader who grades holistically, it becomes important to consider how to create well rounded assessments that offer students myriad different opportunities to demonstrate their ...

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Suggested Citation: "4 Frameworks and the Assessment Development Process: Providing More Informative Portrayals of Student Performance." National Research Council. 1999. Grading the Nation's Report ...