In recent months, the Food and Drug Administration and National Institutes of Health have announced new initiatives to reduce and replace animal testing in biomedical research. Central to these ...

Animal models are established, important tools for preclinical safety and efficacy testing. Companies are advancing more “humanized” models to better reflect human responses, while at the same time ...

Russell has a PhD in the history of medicine, violence, and colonialism. His research has explored topics including ethics, science governance, and medical involvement in violent contexts. Russell has ...

In December 2022, U.S. President Joe Biden signed the FDA Modernization Act which states that drug developers are no longer mandated to test new medicines in animals to get them approved by the FDA.